最新刊期
卷 50 ， 期 2 ， 2025
- “在创伤性颅脑损伤领域，全国急诊及神经外科专家共同制定了《成人创伤性颅脑损伤院前与急诊诊治中国专家共识》，形成24条推荐意见，指导临床工作。”
摘要：Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious condition characterized by high rates of mortality and disability. Deaths caused by severe TBI usually occur within the first few hours after the injury. Timely and effective management of TBI during pre-hospital and emergency treatment phases is crucial for improving patients' prognosis. To address this issue, the Emergency Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Emergency Medicine Professional Committee of the People's Liberation Army, the Beijing Emergency Medicine Society, and the Chinese Emergency Medicine Specialist Association have jointly selected national experts in emergency medicine and neurosurgery to formulate the "Chinese Expert Consensus on the Pre-hospital and Emergency Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Traumatic Brain Injury". This consensus consists of two parts focusing on pre-hospital and emergency diagnosis and treatment of TBI, with 24 recommendations put forward to guide relevant clinical practices in pre-hospital and emergency management.关键词：traumatic brain injury;prehospital care;emergency treatment;expert consensus7|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10
Guideline and Consensus
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Correlation of knee joint asymmetry with balance and walking ability in hemiplegic stroke patients AI导读
“石家庄市人民医院康复医学科研究显示，脑卒中偏瘫患者膝关节力量不对称与平衡、步行能力及运动功能负相关，为临床评估提供新指标。”摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of bilateral knee joint strength asymmetry with balance, walking ability, and motor function in hemiplegic stroke patients, providing a reference for clinical assessment of stroke patients.MethodsA total of 46 hemiplegic stroke patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang from February to December 2023 were selected. According to the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores, patients were divided into Group A (BBS score ≤20, n=23) and Group B (BBS score >20, n=23). The peak torque and differences of bilateral knee flexors and extensors were compared between two groups. Isokinetic technology was used to assess the differences in peak torque of bilateral knee joints at 60°/s and 120°/s. BBS, Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) were used to evaluate patients' balance, walking ability, and lower limb motor function. The correlation between bilateral knee joint peak torque and its difference with the scores of three functional scales was analyzed.ResultsThe peak torque of knee flexors and extensors at 60°/s in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.05). At both 60°/s and 120°/s the differences in peak torque between the healthy and affected sides of knee flexors and extensors were greater than those in group B (P<0.05). At 60°/s, the difference in peak torque of bilateral knee extensors in hemiplegic stroke patients was negatively correlated with the scores of BBS, FAC, and FMA-LE(r=-0.569, -0.582, -0.606, P<0.01), as did the knee flexors (r=-0.534, -0.386, -0.458, P<0.05). At 120°/s, similar negative correlations were observed for both knee extensors (r=-0.304, -0.304, -0.443, P<0.05) and flexors (r=-0.337, -0.349, -0.370, P<0.05).ConclusionsBilateral knee joint strength asymmetry in hemiplegic stroke patients is negatively correlated with balance and walking ability. The difference in strength between the two sides of knee joint may be one of the clinical indicators for evaluating the motor function of stroke patients.关键词：stroke;knee joint;strength asymmetry;balance;walking ability13|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “阜阳市人民医院研究显示，瑞马唑仑静脉注射用于1至6岁患儿术前镇静，半数有效剂量为0.051 mg/kg，具有良好可控性和安全性。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo determine the median effective dose (ED50) of remimazolam for preoperative sedation in pediatric patients aged 1-6 years using the modified Dixon sequential method.MethodsThis is a prospective clinical study. Pediatric patients scheduled for elective short surgery (surgery time ≤1 h) under general anesthesia from January to July 2023 were selected. Inclusion criteria were age 1-6 years, an ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ and the preoperative parent separation anxiety scale (PSAS) score ≥3 points. Remimazolam was administered intravenously preoperatively, and its sedative effect was assessed. The modified Dixon sequential method was used to determine the ED50 of remimazolam, with the initial dose set at 0.10 mg/kg and the dose increment set at 0.02 mg/kg. Sedation was considered successful (positive, included in positive group) if the child with sedation score ≥2 points, preoperative PSAS score <3 points,and the mask acceptance score of 4 points during anesthesia induction. If any criterion was not met, sedation was considered failure (negative, included in negative group), and the next patient's dosage was increased by 0.02 mg/kg based on the previous patient's dosage. The test was completed after 7 consecutive positive and negative turning points appeared alternately. Probabilistic unit regression analysis was used to determine the ED50, ED95 and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of remimazolam for preoperative sedation. Postoperative recovery time and adverse events such as airway spasm, respiratory depression, hypotension, nausea and vomiting during anesthesia were recorded.ResultsA total of 23 pediatric patients were included, with 13 in positive group and 10 in negative group. There were no statistically significant differences in mean arterial pressure, pulse oxygen saturation or heart rate before and after sedation (P>0.05). Compared with negative group, positive group showed a significant reduction in preoperative parent separation anxiety and an increase in mask acceptance during anesthesia (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in sedation score and anesthesia awakening time between two groups (P>0.05). The ED50 of remimazolam for preoperative sedation in pediatric patients aged 1-6 years was 0.051 mg/kg (95%CI 0.033-0.065 mg/kg), and the ED95 was 0.077 mg/kg (95%CI 0.064-0.161 mg/kg). No adverse events such as airway spasm, respiratory depression, hypotension, nausea and vomiting occurred during anesthesia in any of pediatric patients.ConclusionThe ED50 of intravenous administration of remimazolam for preoperative sedation in pediatric patients aged 1-6 years is 0.051 mg/kg (95%CI 0.033-0.065 mg/kg).关键词：remimazolam;pediatric patient;preoperative sedation;modified sequential method;dose-effect relationship17|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “最新研究发现，类风湿关节炎患者抗体指标分类明显，高危者更易并发间质性肺疾病。研究为个体化干预提供依据，有助于提高患者生存质量。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo analyze the classification characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related antibodies and to investigate the factors influencing the development of RA-related interstitial pulmonary diseases (RA-ILD) in RA patients using latent class analysis (LCA).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 712 RA patients treated at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from December 2019 to October 2022 was conducted. According to whether patients had RA-ILD or not, they were divided into simple RA group (n=523) and RA-ILD group (n=189). Then, the differences in general data, clinical features, medication use and laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups. Based on the differences in RA-related antibody indicators, 712 patients were divided into 3 latent categories using LCA: high-risk group(n=364), medium-risk group (n=205), and low-risk group (n=143).One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare clinical characteristics of the 3 groups, and the prevalence of RA-ILD was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify independent affect factors of RA-ILD.ResultsSignificant differences in gender, age, and smoking history were observed between simple RA group and RA-ILD group (P<0.05). The high, medium and low risk groups exhibited significant differences in gender, age, prednisone (PRED) and methotrexate (MTX) medication history, Red blood cell count (RBC), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, interferon-γ (INF-γ), serum globulins, and white blood albumins (P<0.05). The high-risk group had a higher proportion of males, RBC, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ, and serum globulin levels, and a lower proportion of MTX medication compared with medium- and low-risk groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The medium-risk group had a higher proportion of MTX administration than that in high- and low-risk groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The low-risk group had a higher proportion of females and older age than those in other two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The prevalence of RA-ILD was 30.5%, 23.9% and 20.3% in the three groups, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that male (OR=2.920, 95%CI 1.722-4.952), age (OR=1.055, 95%CI 1.035-1.074), IL-17 (OR=1.013, 95%CI 1.003-1.023), TNF-α (OR=1.050, 95%CI 1.017-1.083), INF-γ (OR=0.962, 95%CI 0.932-0.993), Serum albumin (OR=0.919, 95%CI 0.869-0.971) and high risk antibody indicators (OR=1.725, 95%CI 1.084-2.745) were independent predictors for RA-ILD.ConclusionsRA patients exhibit distinct categories of antibody indicators, with a higher prevalence in high-risk patients with RA-ILD. RA-ILD is more likely to occur in male, elderly patients with abnormal liver function and high-risk antibody indictors. More attention should be paid to these patients and individualized interventions should be developed and implemented in a timely manner to improve the quality of patient survival.关键词：rheumatoid arthritis;latent class analysis;interstitial pulmonary diseases15|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “据最新研究，18F-FAPI PET/CT在诊断18F-FDG摄取偏低恶性肿瘤方面具有显著优势，为临床诊断提供新方法。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical value of 18F-fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor (18F-FAPI) PET/CT in malignant tumors exhibiting low uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG).MethodsWe prospectively analyzed 62 patients with malignant tumors and low 18F-FDG uptake who underwent 18F-FAPI PET/CT in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2021 to November 2022. Patient demographics information, clinical and radiological data were collected. Tumor lesions were categorized based on 18F-FAPI and 18F-FDG uptake relative to surrounding tissues into low-, moderate-, and high-uptake, with high uptake indicating positivity. The number and tracer uptake levels of primary tumors and metastatic lesions visualized by both 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI were recorded and compared.ResultsOf the 62 primary tumors, 18(29.0%) showed low-uptake and 44 (71.0%) moderate-uptake on 18F-FDG PET, while 1(1.6%), 6(9.7%), and 55(88.7%) showed low, moderate, and high uptake on 18F-FAPI, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for primary tumors was significantly higher with 18F-FAPI than with 18F-FDG (7.5±5.6 vs. 3.9±2.1, P<0.01). The number of positive lymph node foci revealed by 18F-FAPI was noticeably higher than that by 18F-FDG (77 vs. 38, P<0.01). A total of 16 distant organ metastases were identified, with 11(68.8%) detected by 18F-FDG and 15(93.8%) by 18F-FAPI, showing no significant difference in detection rates (P>0.05).Conclusions18F-FAPI PET/CT effectively visualizes primary and metastatic lesions in malignant tumors with low 18F-FDG uptake, suggesting its potential as a promising radiotracer for such malignancies.关键词：18F-fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors;18F-fluorodeoxyglucose;PET/CT;neoplasm;non-avidity11|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “兰州大学第二医院成功治疗腘静脉瘤内血栓脱落所致急性肺栓塞患者，手术为有效解决方法。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo report the diagnosis and treatment of a case of acute pulmonary embolism caused by thrombus detachment within a popliteal venous aneurysm and conduct a literature review, aiming to enhance the understanding of the disease.MethodsThe case data of a patient with pulmonary embolism caused by thrombus detachment within a popliteal venous aneurysm who was admitted to the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. The relevant literature published from July 2014 to July 2023 in the CNKI and PubMed databases was retrieved, and the diagnosis and treatment methods of the disease were summarized.ResultsThe patient in this case was a 61-year-old male, who was admitted was admitted to the hospital due to "intermittent chest tightness and shortness of breath for 5 days". Color Doppler ultrasound examination and pulmonary artery CT angiography (CTA) suggested popliteal venous aneurysm combined with intramural thrombus and pulmonary embolism. Therefore, the pulmonary embolism and popliteal venous aneurysm were treated surgically in stages. The patient recovered well after the operation and there were no symptoms of chest tightness or shortness of breath after discharge. A total of 11 literatures were retrieved, involving 11 patients, all of whom underwent surgical treatment; Among them, 4 patients were treated with inferior vena cava filter placement, and 2 patients underwent popliteal venous aneurysm surgery after filter placement. Through literature review, it can be known that the etiology of popliteal venous aneurysm remains unclear, and there is no unified standard for diagnosis and treatment. Up to now, surgery is still the preferred option for treatment.ConclusionsPatients with popliteal venous aneurysms may be asymptomatic but can lead to deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs and subsequent pulmonary embolism. Surgical intervention is an effective treatment option. For patients with combined pulmonary embolism, especially those with recurrent pulmonary embolism, it is recommended to perform surgical treatment following placement of an inferior vena cava filter.关键词：popliteal venous aneurysm;thrombosis;pulmonary embolism;surgery18|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “石家庄市妇产医院产前诊断中心报道1例疑似Ellis-van Creveld综合征胎儿，通过全外显子组测序技术发现EVC基因复合杂合突变，为该综合征的基因变异谱提供新证据。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo report the genetic analysis of a family with a fetus suspected of Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome based on ultrasound findings such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), short long bones in the limbs and polydactyly, and to conduct a literature review to clarify the pathogenic cause.MethodsA 27-year-old pregnant woman, who was pregnant for the first time and had no prior deliveries, was admitted to the prenatal diagnosis center of Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in October 2021. At 17 weeks of gestation, ultrasound detected multiple fetal malformations. The genomic DNA of the fetal proband's amniotic fluid cells and the parents' peripheral blood samples were sequentially subjected to chromosomal karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and whole exome sequencing (WES). Suspected pathogenic mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing in the proband and its parents. Subsequently, a Minigene in vitro experiment was used to analyze one splicing mutation. Meanwhile, databases such as PubMed were searched, and literature reports were combined for genetic analysis.ResultsChromosomal karyotype analysis of the fetus showed no abnormalities, and CMA did not detect any copy number variation (CNV) with clinical significance. WES results revealed two mutations in the EVC gene (NM_153717.2) of the fetus: a nonsense mutation c.1405G>T(p.E469X) in exon 10 and a splicing mutation c.1886+5G>A in intron 13. Family verification using Sanger sequencing showed that the father was a carrier of the c.1405G>T(p.E469X) mutation in exon 10, and the mother was a carrier of the c.1886+5G>A mutation in intron 13. The compound heterozygous mutation of the fetus was inherited from the parents. According to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) for classifying genetic variations, c.1405G>T (p.E469X) was classified as likely pathogenic mutation (PVS1+PM2), and c.1886+5G>A was classified as likely pathogenic mutation (PM2+PM3_Strong). The Minigene experiment results showed that the c.1886+5G>A mutation caused a 115-bp segment retention in intron 13, further supporting its pathogenicity. Review of the literature showed that the typical clinical manifestations of EVC syndrome include short limbs, short ribs, postaxial polydactyly, nail and tooth dysplasia, and congenital heart defects. Gene mutations in EVC/EVC2 were found to be the main pathogenic cause through whole exome sequencing, with mutation types including missense mutations, large-scale duplications/deletions, in-frame microdeletions, nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations, and splicing mutations.ConclusionsThe compound heterozygous mutations in the EVC gene are the pathogenic cause of the fetus. The detection of these mutations expands the genetic variation spectrum of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome.关键词：skeletal dysplasia;Ellis-van Creveld syndrome;gene, EVC;whole exome sequencing9|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10
Clinical Research
- “最新研究发现，嗜肺军团菌感染小鼠巨噬细胞可能通过下调Rab7/Tubb1/LAMP2抑制内体溶酶体融合。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the pathogenic mechanisms of Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) infection inhibiting the fusion of endosome-lysosome fusion in mouse macrophages.MethodsTwelve C57 mice were randomly divided into control group and L. pneumophila infection group (n=6 each). After anesthesia, an equal volume of physiological saline orL. pneumophila solution was administered nasally. Body weight changes were monitored for 3 consecutive days, and the lungs were extracted to assess injury. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the pathological characteristics of lung tissue in both groups. Transcriptome sequencing was utilized to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated signaling pathways in lung tissues. Mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated and co-cultured with L. pneumophila, with infection status confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze DEGs and enriched related signaling pathways before and after infection. Core genes involved in the post-infection signaling pathway were identified, and the consistency of their mRNA expression levels in vivo and in vitro was verified using RT-qPCR. The expression of relevant proteins was detected by Western Blotting, and bacterial proliferation assays were conducted to evaluate the intracellular replication of L. pneumophila.ResultsCompared with control group, the body weight of mice inL. pneumophila infection group significantly decreased (P<0.001) on the second and third day post-infection. Edema and red hepatoid degeneration were observed in both left and right lung tissues, with lesion areas spreading from the hilum to the lung periphery. HE staining revealed increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the alveolar spaces, thickening of alveolar septa and increased fibrin exudation in L. pneumophila infection group. Immunohistochemistry results showed a significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung tissue infected mice (P<0.001). Transcriptome sequencing identified 2550 DEGs, with 1444 up-regulated genes and 1106 down-regulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in pathways related to tumor necrosis factor, rheumatoid arthritis, Rap1, PI3K-Ak, and phagosome pathways. Immunofluorescence results showed in vitro proliferation of L. pneumophila within mouse BMDMs. Transcriptome sequencing identified 2550 DEGs, including 1677 up-regulated genes and 873 down-regulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that enrichment in pathway related to transcription dysregulation in cancer, PI3K-Akt and phagosome pathways. Thirteen core genes, including tubulin β1 (Tubb1), were identified from the overlap between mouse lung tissue and BMDMs. RT-qPCR results demonstrated a significant decrease in Tubb1 expression in both lung tissue and BMDMs infected with L. pneumophila (P<0.001). Western Blotting results revealed significant decreases in Rab7, Tubb1, and LAMP2 protein expression (P<0.05), and increases in iNOS and MPO expression (P<0.05). Intracellular proliferation experiments indicated that L. pneumophila gradually increased within BMDMs over time.ConclusionThe potential mechanism of L. pneumophila infection in mouse macrophages involves the down-regulation of Rab7/Tubb1/LAMP2 which inhibits the endosome-lysosome fusion.关键词：Legionella pneumophila;tubulin beta 1;endosome-lysosome fusion;transcriptomics;macrophages14|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “最新研究发现，远志皂苷元通过Nrf2/NLRP3通路缓解小鼠小胶质细胞炎症反应，效果与MCC950相当，为神经炎症治疗提供新策略。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Senegenin (SEN) alleviates microglial inflammatory response through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway.MethodsBV2 mouse microglia cells were randomly divided into control group, model group, SEN group and MCC950 group. Cells in control group were not treated, and cells in model group were added with 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Cells in SEN group were added with 1 μg/ml LPS+4 μmol/L SEN, and cells in MCC950 group were added with 1 μg/ml LPS+10 μmol/L MCC950 for 24 hours. CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of SEN on the viability of BV2 cells. Griess method was used to determine the release amount of nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatant. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, lymphocyte apoptosis-associated spect-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 mRNA. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of ASC, IL-1β, Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18, Nrf2, HO-1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).ResultsThe results of CCK-8 method showed that there was no significant difference in the viability of BV2 cells treated with 2~20 μmol/L SEN compared with control group (P>0.05). Compared with control group, the viability of BV2 cells in model group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the viability of BV2 cells in 4 μmol/L SEN group was significantly restored (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the results of Griess method showed that the release amount of NO in cells of model group increased significantly (P<0.05); the results of real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in cells of model group increased significantly (P<0.05); the results of Western blotting showed that the protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 proteins in cells of model group increased significantly (P<0.05), and the immunofluorescence staining results showed that the expression levels of iNOS and NF-κB protein in cells of model group increased, and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 decreased, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the release amount of NO in cells of SEN group and MCC950 group decreased, and the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA and proteins decreased, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05); in the SEN group, the expression levels of iNOS and NF‑κB decreased, and immunofluorescence staining showed that Nrf2 was translocated into the nucleus, and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins increased significantly, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).ConclusionsSEN could alleviate the inflammatory response of mouse microglia cells induced by LPS and inhibit the activation and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, with an effect comparable to that of the inflammasome inhibitor MCC950. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of upstream factors Nrf2 and HO-1.关键词：senegenin;lipopolysaccharides;BV2 cells;NLRP3 inflammasome;inflammatory response10|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “最新研究发现，甜菜碱通过PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路下调ABCB1表达，逆转前列腺癌化疗耐药。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechnism of betaine (BET) in reversing chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer (PCa) by inhibiting ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1).MethodsThe PCa chemotherapy-sensitive C4-2B cells were cultured, and the TaxR cells resistant to docetaxel (DTX) were established by gradient increase the concentration of DTX. The drug resistance of C4-2B and TaxR cells against DTX was assessed using CCK-8 and the colony formation experiment. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect ABCB1 expression. The TaxR cells were divided into: (1) Control group, negative control group (NC), siABCB1-1 group (transfected with siABCB1-1), and siABCB1-2 group (transfected with siABCB1-2). Western blotting was used to detect the effect of small interfering RNA on silencing ABCB1, and CCK-8 was used to detect the differences in DTX resistance between each group. (2) Different concentrations of BET (0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mmol/L) groups. These groups were subjected to CCK-8 to detect cell viability, and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of ABCB1. (3) Control group, DTX group (20 nmol/L DTX), BET group (200 mmol/L BET), and DTX+BET group (20 nmol/L DTX+200 mmol/L BET), flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis rate and cell cycle, and Western blotting to detect the protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl2, BAX, c-caspase-3). (4) Control group, BET group (200 mmol/L BET), wortmannin (WM) group (100 μmol/L WM), and BET+WM group (200 mmol/L BET+100 μmol/L WM). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of PI3K, Akt, and ABCB1. (5) Control group, BET group (200 mmol/L BET), and BAY group (10 μmol/L BAY), BAY+BET group (200 mmol/L BET+10 μmol/L BAY). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κB p65, p-ikBα and ABCB1. Network pharmacology combined with transcriptome sequencing was used to predict the possible pathways for BET to reverse chemotherapy resistance.ResultsCompared with C4-2B cells, TaxR cells showed significantly increased resistance to DTX (P<0.01), and high expression of ABCB1 (P<0.01). After silencing ABCB1 with siRNA, TaxR cells' resistance to DTX was significantly inhibited (P<0.01). The inhibition rate of TaxR cells treated with 200 mmol/L BET was less than 20%, and it significantly decreased the expression of ABCB1 protein in TaxR cells (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the combination of 200 mmol/L BET and 20 nmol/L DTX resulted in higher apoptosis rate and higher S stage cell ratio, lower expression of Bcl-2 protein and higher expression of BAX and c-caspase-3 proteins than the two drugs used alone (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the combination of 200 mmol/L BET and 100 μmol/L WM significantly down-regulated the protein expression of PI3K, Akt and ABCB1 (P<0.01). The combination of 200 mmol/L BET and 10 μmol/L BAY significantly down-regulated the protein expression of NF-κB p65, p-ikBα and ABCB1 (P<0.01).ConclusionBET may reverse TaxR cells' chemotherapy resistance by down-regulating ABCB1 expression through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.关键词：betaine;prostate cancer;chemotherapy resistance;ABCB113|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “最新研究发现，人脐血间充质干细胞来源的外泌体对缺氧缺血性脑损伤小鼠神经功能有改善作用，经鼻腔给药效果更佳，便于临床应用。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the comparative neuroprotective effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs-Exos) administered via different routes on hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal mice.MethodsHealthy one-week-old SPF-grade BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation group (n=6), model group (n=6), exosome group 1 (n=8), exosome group 2 (n=8). HIBD was induced using the Rice-Vannucci method. Exosome group 1 and Exosome group 2 were intraperitoneal injection/intranasal drip of phosphate buffer (PBS) 100 μl containing 10 μl exosomes within 24 h after successful modeling, respectively. Sham operation and model groups were intraperitoneal injection of PBS 100 μl. On the 7th day after the intervention, neuromotor function was assessed using the horizontal grid test and pole climbing test. On the 2nd day after the evaluation, all mice were killed and their brains were removed by decapitation. HE staining was used to observe the pathological injury of brain tissue, toluidine blue staining was used to observe the survival of neurons in cerebral cortex, and TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of cerebral cortex cells.ResultsCompared with sham operation group, model group, exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 exhibited increased hind limb drops in horizontal grid test and climbing scores (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in model group, exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 in these measures (P<0.05). Significant pathology was observed in model group, exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 compared to sham operation group (P<0.05), with significantly reduced damage in exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 compared to model group (P<0.05). Compared with sham operation group, Nissl body count was lower in model group and exosome group 1 and exosome group 2, with a higher count in exosome group 2 compared to exosome group 1 (P<0.05). Compared with sham operation group, apoptotic cells were higher in model group and exosome group 1 and exosome group 2, with a significant reduction in exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 compared to model group, and the lowest in exosome group 2 (P<0.05).ConclusionshUC-MSCs-Exos can improve the neuronal motor function, promote neuron repair and inhibit apoptosis in HIBD mice. Intranasal administration of hUC-MSCs-Exos is more effective than intraperitoneal administration for reducing neuronal apoptosis in HIBP neonatal mice, offering a convenient and rapid method suitable for clinical application.关键词：hypoxic ischemic brain damage;exosomes of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells;neuroprotection;nasal injection16|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “最新研究发现，低剂量白细胞介素-2能有效缓解自身免疫性肝炎小鼠的肝损伤，其机制可能与诱导调节性T细胞活化有关。”
摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) against hepatocyte injury in Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) mice.MethodsEighteen SPF female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and treatment group, each group with 6 mice. Mice in the treatment group were subcutaneously injected with 300 μl 10,000 U IL-2 for 12 d, once a day. 2 h after the last dose, Con A (15 mg/kg) was injected through the tail vein in the model group and treatment group. After 8 h of modeling, the histopathological changes in the mouse liver were observed using HE staining, and the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected using ELISA method; the expression of apoptotic protein caspase 8/9/3 was detected by Western blotting; and the percentages of Treg and Th1 cells were observed by flow cytometry.ResultsCompared with normal group, the liver index, spleen index, the percentage of necrotic area of liver tissue, the serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and the expression of apoptosis protein caspase 8/9/3 significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); Compared with model group, the liver index, spleen index, the percentage of necrotic area of liver tissue, the serum levels of ALT, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and the expression of apoptosis protein caspase 8/9/3 significantly decreased in the treatment group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The flow cytometry results showed that compared with normal group, the percentages of Treg and Th1 cells and Th1/Treg ratio increased in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); Compared with the model group, the percentage of Treg cells further increased (P<0.01), Th1/Treg ratio decreased significantly in the treatment group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the percentage of Th1 cells between two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionLow-dose of IL-2 can effectively improve liver injury in AIH mice, and the mechanism of action may be related to inducible Treg cell activation.关键词：autoimmune hepatitis;interleukin-2;regulatory T cells;Th1 cells14|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10
Basic Research
- “最新研究发现，PANoptosis作为一种新的炎症细胞死亡方式，可能阻止多种疾病发展，为相关疾病治疗提供新思路。”
摘要：Cellular death in the body can occur through different processes, including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necrotic apoptosis, etc. PANoptosis is a newly discovered form of inflammatory cell death in recent years. It can be triggered by various stimulating factors and integrates multiple components that can induce cell death to assemble into various types of macromolecular complexes-PANoptosome, which then mediates cell death. Given the impact of PANoptosis on the entire disease spectrum, promoting or inhibiting its occurrence process may prevent the development of various diseases. The review summarizes the research progress on the occurrence mechanism of PANoptosis and its role in some diseases, and explores the crosstalk among multiple programmed cell death pathways, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of related diseases.关键词：PANoptosis;cell death;illness;molecular mechanism11|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10 - “血流动力学数值仿真技术在心血管疾病研究中取得新进展，为精准诊疗提供创新方案。”摘要：Hemodynamics numerical simulation, a multidisciplinary research approach integrating fluid dynamics, clinical medicine, and computer simulation techniques, offers an objective and quantitative analysis of cardiovascular blood flow dynamics through calculating data such as flow rate, pressure, resistance, and wall stress. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the modeling methods and characteristics of numerical simulations within the cardiovascular system. Additionally, it also summarizes the research advancements and potential clinical applications of numerical simulations in the context of various cardiovascular diseases, including vascular aneurysms, aortic dissection, atherosclerosis, structural heart diseases, heart failure, ventricular assist devices, cardiogenic shock, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The goal is to facilitate the deep integration of clinical medicine with engineering technologies, thereby fostering innovative solutions for the precise diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.关键词：hemodynamics;computer simulation;numerical simulation;cardiovascular disease13|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10
- “预康复策略在脊柱手术中的应用研究进展，为老年患者康复提供多模式计划。”
摘要：Prehabilitation is a novel rehabilitation strategy, mainly including sports intervention, psychological intervention, nutrition support, and other specific measures. It extends the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery by enhancing patients' organ function and metabolic reserve through preoperative intervention, thereby accelerating postoperative recovery. This concept has been applied to various surgical procedures, including cancer, orthopedics, thoracic surgery, and cardiac surgery. The majority of spinal surgery patients are elderly, exhibiting significant physiological decline and frailty, necessitating a multi-modal rehabilitation program that addresses body and nutrition, pain, and brain health awareness. As a subspecialty of orthopedics, there have been increasing reports on the application of prehabilitation in spinal surgery in recent years. This review summarizes the application and research progress of prehabilitation in spinal surgery, providing a reference for clinical medical staff to correctly implement prehabilitation.关键词：prehabilitation;spine surgery;orthopedics;Lumbar5|0|0更新时间：2025-03-10
Review
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