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A combination of high levels of physical activity, low sex hormone concentrations and subsequent low bone mineral density is commonplace in athletic populations. Low bone mineral density can lead to an increased risk of stress reactions or fractures, which can significantly reduce sport participation time. The use of heavy strength training has been effective at increasing bone mineral density in older, frail osteoporotic populations

Recently, there have been several studies that have examined the acute effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function. Importantly, one precise indicator of cognitive function is response time (RT), which has two main components; premotor time (PMT) and motor time (MT). PMT is the time for perception, decision making and response preparation, while MT is executing the response. Using fractionated response time (FRT) instead of RT provides a more precise estimate of the location of the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive or motor components of the response.

Establishment of the strong putative relationship between exercise and risk of virtually all non-communicable diseases prompted several research groups over the past two decades to investigate a question of significant public health concern: whether exercise lowers the risk of certain forms of cancer. In this Opinion review I first overview studies of exercise in cancer prevention summarizing evidence from observational studies and available clinical trials.

Jump-landing assessments provide a means to quantify an individual’s ability to attenuate ground reaction forces, generate lower limb explosive power and maintain joint alignment. In order to identify risk factors that can be targeted through appropriate training interventions, it is necessary to establish which (scalar) objective kinetic, kinematic, and performance measures are most associated with lower-extremity injury. Online searches of MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EBSCOHost, SPORTDiscus and PubMed databases were completed for all articles published before March 2020 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Youth may be particularly responsive to motor learning training strategies that support injury-resistant movement mechanics in youth for prevention programs that reduce injury risk, injury rehabilitation, exercise performance, and play more generally (Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning Prevention Rehabilitation Exercise Play